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Gene editing technology CRISPR/Cas9 and its derivative editing technologies including base editor and prime editor can precisely edit the target genome sequences, having been widely used in tumor therapy and achieved remarkable clinical results in tumor immunotherapy, human papilloma virus infection treatment and oncolytic virotherapy, providing a new means for tumor therapy.
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Objective:To compare the effect of percutaneous kyphoplasty (PKP) combined with zoledronic acid at different times in the treatment of osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures (OVCF).Methods:The clinical data of 110 patients with OVCF from January 2018 to June 2019 in the Hospital of Shunyi District Beijing were retrospectively analyzed. All patients were treated with PKP. Among them, 55 patients were given zoledronic acid on the second day after surgery (synchronization group), and 55 patients were given zoledronic acid 1 month after surgery (non-synchronization group). X-Ray examination was performed before and 1 year after surgery, and the vertebral recovery related indexes of compression fracture vertebral body were measured, including anterior border height of vertebral body, posterior border height of vertebral body, kyphotic angle and local Cobb angle; the degree of dysfunction was evaluated by Oswestry dysfunction index (ODI); the bone density of hip bone was detected; the serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP), osteocalcin and type Ⅰ collagen cross-linked C-terminal peptide (CTX-1) were detected. The patients were followed up for 1 year, and the recurrence of vertebral compression fractures was record.Results:There were no statistical differences in anterior border height of vertebral body, posterior border height of vertebral body, kyphotic angle and local Cobb angle before surgery and 1 year after surgery between 2 groups ( P>0.05). Compared with those before surgery, the anterior border height of vertebral body and posterior border height of vertebral body 1 year after surgery in 2 groups were significantly higher, the kyphotic angle and local Cobb angle were significantly lower, and there were statistical differences ( P<0.01). The ODI 1 year after surgery in synchronization group was significantly lower than that in non-synchronization group: (11.30 ± 1.53) scores vs. (14.27 ± 1.78) scores, and there was statistical difference ( P<0.01). The bone density of hip bone 1 year after surgery in synchronization group was significantly higher than that in non-synchronization group, and there was statistical difference ( P<0.01). The serum ALP and CTX-1 1 year after surgery in synchronization group were significantly lower than those in non-synchronization group: (74.93 ± 8.63) U/L vs. (78.77 ± 9.41) U/L and (0.24 ± 0.03) ng/L vs. (0.29 ± 0.03) ng/L, the osteocalcin was significantly higher than that in non-synchronization group: (9.63 ± 1.14) ng/L vs. (7.97 ± 0.85) ng/L, and there were statistical differences ( P<0.01 or <0.05). All patients were followed up for 1 year, and no recurrence of vertebral compression fractures was found. Conclusions:The synchronization zoledronic acid after PKP has more advantages in improving the condition and bone metabolism in patients with OVCF.
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Objective@#To analyze the physical characteristics of fine particulate matters (PM2.5) and submicron particulate matters (PM1), and investigate the factors influencing the emission peak of printer particles.@*Methods@#A 12-hour particle concentration monitoring for PM2.5 and PM1 was conducted in a printing shop on January 5th, 2018. PM2.5 in the air was analyzed after the monitoring process to figure out morphological characteristics and element composition of printer particles. Besides, experiments were carried out in an enclosed space to detect the number concentration peaks of PM1 during every printing process. Influencing factors investigated in this study were printer types, toner coverages and interval time between different printing processes.@*Results@#The 12-hour particles concentration monitoring showed that the number concentration of PM1 and the mass concentration of PM2.5 were 7.510×104 pt/cm3 and 96.85 μg/m3. The diameter of most PM2.5 was less than 100 nm, with a fractal dimension of 2.591. Most PM2.5 appeared as regular spheres with typical agglomeration phenomenon, while some were in rhabditiform or irregular shapes. Element analysis showed that PM2.5 was mainly composed of C, O, Si, Ca, with less metallic element. The PM1 emission peak values of three printers were 3.60×104, 3.43×104, 0.31×104 pt/cm3, respectively and the difference was not statistically significant (χ2=5.42, P>0.05). When the page coverage rate was 0%, 2.5%, 5%, 10%, 20% and 50%, the PM1 emission peak value of printer A was 6.74×104, 4.62×104, 3.82×104, 2.82×104, 1.00×104 and 1.08×104 pt/cm3, and the difference was also not statistically significant (χ2=7.01, P>0.05). The natural logarithm of PM1 emission peak value in printing work was associated with the resting time before printing and the change value of heating roller temperature (r value was 0.83 and 0.89, respectively, all P values<0.05).@*Conclusion@#PM2.5 and PM1 in the printing shop stayed at a high level. Particles appeared as various shapes and element compositions were complex. The temperature change of heating roller was one of most important factors that lead to the increased number concentration peak of PM1.
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Radiation induced lung injury (RILI) is a serious complication in patients received thoracic radiotherapy. The main clinical symptom of RILI includes short of breath, low fever and cough, seriously affect the survival of patients. How to better prevent and treat RILI is an urgent problem. Target theory, cytokine theory, free radical theory, and vascular endothelial cell damage theory are the main mechanisms of RILI. Among them, reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced during radiotherapy can induce tissue damage throughout the course of RILI, and have a direct effect on both radiation pneumonitis and radiation-induced lung fibrosis. Anti-oxygen therapy including thiol compounds, antioxidant enzymes, and plant antioxidants have been applied in the prevention and treatment of RILI. This article reviews the research and application of antioxidant therapy in RILI. .
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Objective: To evaluate the therapeutic effects of visual standard channel combined with F4.8 visual puncture super-mini percutaneous nephrolithotomy [SMP] on multiple renal calculi
Methods: The clinical data of 46 patients with multiple renal calculi treated in Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University from October 2015 to September 2016 were retrospectively analyzed. There were 28 males and 18 females aged from 25 to 65 years old, with an average of 42.6. The stone diameters were 3.0-5.2 cm, [4.3 +/- 0.8] cm on average. F4.8 visual puncture-assisted balloon expansion was used to establish a standard channel. After visible stones were removed through nephroscopy combined with ultrasound lithotripsy, the stones of other parts were treated through F4.8 visual puncture SMP with holmium laser. Indices such as the total time of channel establishment, surgical time, decreased value of hemoglobin, phase-I stone clearance rate and surgical complications were summarized
Results: Single standard channel was successfully established in all cases with the assistance of F4.8 visual puncture, of whom 24 were combined with a single microchannel, 16 were combined with double microchannels, and six were combined with three microchannels. All patients were placed with nephrostomy tube which was not placed in the microchannels. Both F5 double J tubes were placed after surgery. The time for establishing a standard channel through F4.8 visual puncture was [6.8 +/- 1.8] min, and that for establishing a single F4.8 visual puncture microchannel was [4.5 +/- 0.9] min. The surgical time was [92 +/- 15] min. The phase-I stone clearance rate was 91.3% [42/46], and the decreased value of hemoglobin was [12.21 +/- 2.5] g/L. There were 8 cases of postoperative fever which was relieved after anti-inflammatory treatment. Four cases had 0.5-0.8 cm of stone residue in the lower calyx, and all stones were discharged one month after surgery by in vitro shock wave lithotripsy combined with position nephrolithotomy, without stone streets, delayed bleeding, peripheral organ damage or urethral injury
Conclusion: Combining visual standard channel with F4.8 visual puncture SMP for the treatment of multiple renal calculi had the advantages of reducing the number of large channels, high rate of stone clearance, safety and reliability and mild complications. The established F4.8 visual puncture channel was safer and more accurate
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Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Kidney Calculi/surgery , Nephrolithotomy, Percutaneous/standards , Retrospective StudiesABSTRACT
Objective To explore the value of HRCT and contrast-enhanced MRI in diagosis of facial nerve injuries.Methods HRCT and contrast-enhanced MRI were performed in 18 cases of facial nerve injuries.CPR of the facial nerve and canal was performed on the Philips EBW workstation,and the temporal bone involved location,fracture type and involvement of facial nerve and canal and its course were observed.The involved location,size,signal variation of facial nerve were analyzed compared with contralateral side on the GE AW 4.5 workstation.Results Among 18 cases,8 cases of longitudinal fractures,5 cases of transverse fractures and 5 cases of mixed fractures were found.HRCT axial scan and CPR of facial canal revealed that 18 cases had temporal bone fractures,including 1 case of labyrinthine segment,2 cases of geniculate fossa,4 cases of tympanic segment,2 cases of geniculate fossa,tympanic segment and hematoma of middle ear cavity,3 cases of tympanic segment with adjacent hematoma of middle ear cavity and 6 cases without obvious fracture of facial canal.Contrast-enhanced MRI and CPR of facial nerve revealed facial nerve injuries in all 18 cases,including 12 cases of internal auditory meatus segment,14 cases of labyrinthine segment,18 cases of geniculate ganglion,16 cases of tympanic segment and 15 cases of mastoid segment.Signal intensity ratio of affected internal auditory meatus segment,labyrinthine segment,geniculate ganglion,tympanic segment and mastoid segment were higher than those of contralateral side (all P＜ 0.001).Conclusion HRCT and contrast-enhanced MRI can clearly reveal the involvement of different segment of traumatic facial nerve,HRCT CPR and MR CPR are helpful to visualiz the involvement of traumatic facial nerve and canal.
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Objective To explore the application value of contrast-enhanced MRI and curved planar reformation (CPR) in diagnosis of facial neuritis.Methods Contrast-enhanced MRI scans were performed on 30 patients with facial neuritis.The involvement of intracranial facial nerve was observed,and the signal intensity of facial nerve and adjacent temporal lobe was measured with GE AW 4.5 workstation.While the signal intensity ratio (SIR) between facial nerve and adjacent temporal lobe was calculated.CPR of facial nerve was done with Philips EBW workstation,in order to observe the whole course and involvement of facial nerve.Results Among the 30 patients,SIR of affected geniculate ganglion,tympanic segment,labyrinthine segment,internal auditory meatus segment and mastoid segment was 1.59±0.28,1.16±0.16,1.38±0.20,1.30 ±0.19 and 0.96±0.14,respectively.While SIR of the relevant segment in contralateral side was 1.08±±0.19,0.74±0.13,0.81±0.13,0.83±0.08 and 0.69±0.12,respectively.There were significant differences of SIR between the affected and the contralateral segments (all P＜0.001).CPR could display the involved location and facilitate visualizing the whole course of facial nerve clearly.Conclusion Contrast-enhanced MRI and CPR are helpful to facilitate visualizing the whole course of facial nerve and clearly reveal the involvement.
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Objective To analyse the changes of cerebral cortical thickness and explore the connectivity of cortical thickness and the clinical syndrome of concomitant strabismus using high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging.Methods Participants were 26 children with primary strabismus and 28 healthy children strictly matched for sex, age, education and socioeconomic level.By using Freesurfer software, the whole-brain-based analysis was perfomrmed to compare the cortical thickness between the two groups.Results Compared with the healthy control group the children with strabismus were found that the cerebral cortex became thinner, including these brain regions related with stereovision,advanced visual-attention,attention and executive control function,as well as brain areas in insula and cingulate circuit.Conclusion Concomitant strabismus in children are not only caused by pathological changes of extraocular muscles,but anatomical changes of the central nervous system, especially the brain areas involved in the advanced visual processing related with visual-motor and visual-attention, and the advanced cognitive brain regions associated with attention and executive control, as well as the anatomical changes in insula and cingulate cortex circuit, which can explain the clinical syndrome of children with concomitant strabismus.
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Objective To investigate treatment effect of the type of foot drop in patients with lumbar disc herniation.Methods Clinical data of 34 patients with foot drop in lumbar disc herniation who were treated in Spinal Surgery Department of Shunyi District Hospital of Beijing from January 2006 to December 2013 were retrospective analyzed,all patients were treated by operation.After 24 months of follow-up,the effect was observed,the prognosis and related factors were analyzed.Results Two years after operation,the recovery of the patients was excellent in 4 cases and good in 19 cases,common and poor in 11 cases,and the excellent and good rate was up to 67.6%(23/34).Analysis results showed that after 3 to 24 months after surgery,the anterior tibial muscle strength grades(grade 0-5) corresponding score were 28 points preoperatively,59 points at 3 months after surgery,69 points at 6 months after surgery,92 points 1 year after surgery,reached 95 points 2 years after surgery.Muscle strength score of patients with an increasing trend,especially after 3 months to 12 months after the operation.Conclusion The drop occurred should be operated as soon as possible,recommendations for open surgery,complete decompression,avoid injury.Three months to 1 years after operation is the key period of recovery.
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Objective To investigate the efficiency and application value of CT-guided percutaneous puncture biopsy in the diagnosis of lung disease.Methods The clinical and imaging data of 60 patients with CT-guided percutaneous lung biopsy were analyzed retrospectively.Results Among all the 60 patients, 57 had finally to be proved by pathological diagnosis, including 47 primary lung cancer (21 squamous cell carcinoma, 18 adenocarcinoma, 3 small cell lung cancer and 5 bronchioloalveolar carcinoma), 7 metastatic lung cancer and 3 tuberculosis.In addition, 3 cases were chronic inflammation and did not make a definite diagnosis, in which 2 were proved to be caseous pneumonia and 1 was proved to be fungus infection by postoperative pathology.The successful rate of punctures,the diagnostic accuracy and the total complications rate of lung puncture biopsy in 60 cases was 100%, 95.0% and 21.7% [11.7% pneumothorax (7/60), 8.3% hemoptysis (5/60) and 1.7% needle bleeding(1/60)].Conclusion CT-guided percutaneous puncture biopsy is a safe, accurate and significant clinical method in the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of lung lesions.
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ABSTRACT Objective: To assess the susceptibility of the hOGG1 genetic polymorphism for bladder cancer and evaluate the impact of smoking exposure. Materials and Methods: Articles included in PubMed, Medline and Springer databases were retrieved using the following key words: “human 8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylase”, “OGG”, “OGG1”, “hOGG1”, “genetic variation”, “polymorphism” , “bladder cancer”, and “bladder carcinoma” to Meta-analysis was performed to detect whether there were differences between the bladder cancer group and the control group about the distribution of genotypes of the hOGG1 gene. Results: The results showed that there are no significant associations between the hOGG1 326Cys polymorphism and bladder cancer: GG vs. CC (OR: 1.09, 95% CI: 0.85–1.40, p=0.480); GC vs. CC (OR: 1.05, 95% CI: 0.85–1.28, p=0.662); GG+GC vs. CC (OR: 1.04, 95% CI: 0.89–1.21, p=0.619); GG vs. GC+CC(OR: 1.02, 95% CI: 0.78–1.33, p=0.888); G vs. C (OR: 1.01, 95% CI: 0.91–1.13, p=0.818). In the smoker population, no significant associations between the hOGG1 326Cys polymorphism and bladder cancer were observed for all the models. However, individuals carrying the hOGG1 Cys326Cys genotype have increased risk for bladder cancer compared to those carrying the hOGG1 Ser326Ser genotype in the non-smoker Asian population. Conclusion: The hOGG1 326Cys polymorphisms aren't a risk factor for bladder cancer, especially in the smoker population. But GG genotype is a risk factor for bladder cancer to the non-smoker Asian population compared with CC genotype.
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Background Proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) is a common cause of vision loss clinically,and retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells play a major part in this disease.Studying the effect of traditional Chinese medicine on RPE cells are of great importance to reveal the pathogenesis and prevention of PVR,which were rarely reported.Objective This study was to study and compare the inhibition effect among curcumin,salvia miltiorrhiza and matrine on IL-1β-induced proliferation of rabbit RPE cells.Methods RPE cells at passages 3-4 were enrolled for the research and identified by transmission electron microscope.The proliferation effect of IL-1 β (2.5,5.0,10.0,20.0 μg/L) and inhibitory effect of curcumin (5,10,20 μg/ml),salvia miltiorrhiza (5,10,20 μg/ml)or matrine (100,200,400 μg/ml) on RPE cells 24,48 and 72 hours after cultivation were studied by MTT assay.The 50％ inhibitory dose (IC50) of the three medicines were analyzed by regression analysis.The use and feeding of the experimental animals were followed by the ARVO Statement.Results RPE cells isolated from the rabbit eye were in round shape and abundant in melanin;The melanin significantly decreased in the fourth generations of RPE cells.Immunohistochemistry showed that the RPE cells was positive for keratin (AE1/AE3).The proliferation rates of RPE cells were statistically different among different concentrations of IL-1β 24,48 and 72 hours after cultivation (Ftime =30.33,P =0.00;Fconcentration =9.37,P =0.00);The proliferation rates of RPE were significantly different among different time points or different concentrations of IL-1β (all at P ＜ 0.05).And the proliferation rate run up to maximum at 10 μg/L after 72 hours of cultivation.The inhibitory rates of the three medicines were statistically different among different time points or different concentrations (curcumin:Ftime =128.75,P =0.00;Fconcentration =334.05,P=0.00.salvia miltiorrhiza:Ftime =39.32,P=0.00;Fconcentration =165.57,P=0.00.matrine:Ftime =267.76,P =0.00;Fconcentration =912.34,P =0.00).The three medicines dose-dependently and time-dependently inhibit IL-1β-induced proliferation of RPE cells,with significant differences between the adjacent time points and concentrations (all at P＜0.05).The IC50 were 26.77,19.01 and 9.45 μg/ml for curcumin;33.72,23.47 and 12.56 μg/ml for salvia miltiorrhiza,570.96,352.25 and 97.50μg/ml for matrine 24,48 and 72 hours after cultivation.Conclusions The proliferation of RPE cells can be stimulated by IL-1β,and the maximal proliferation occurred with a concentration of 10.0 μg/L IL-1β.Curcumin,salvia miltiorrhiza and matrine dose-dependently and time-dependently inhibit proliferation of RPE cells induced by IL-1β.Curcumin is the best medicine to inhibit the proliferation of RPE cells.
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OBJECTIVE:To observe the efficacy and safety of Fuyanxiao effervescent tablet in the treatment of damp-heat pour-ing downward syndrome of fungal vaginitis. METHODS:80 patients with damp-heat pouring downward syndrome of fungal vagini-tis were randomly divided into control group and observation group. Control group was given one Nystatin vaginal suppository,and the drug was given in the third day after the menstrual period ending,once every night;observation group was given one Fuyanx-iao effervescent tablet,and the drug was given in the third day after the menstrual period ending,once every night. 2%-4% Sodi-um bicarbonate solution was used for vulva cleaning before taking the medicine at night,then patients kept lying flat to let the med-icine going into the vaginal depths. There were totally 3 treatment courses with 7 days each. During the treatment,sexual activities and antibiotics were prohibited. The clinical efficacy,TCM symptom scores,vaginal lactobacillus positive rate and recurrence rate before and after treatment,and incidence of adverse reactions in 2 groups were observed. RESULTS:There were no significant dif-ferences in the total effective rate,recurrence rate and incidence of adverse reactions (P>0.05). Before treatment,there were no significant differences in the TCM symptoms and vaginal lactobacillus positive rate(P>0.05);after treatment,TCM symptoms in 2 groups were significantly lower than before,genital itching,leucorrhea color-quality and lower abdomen pain in observation group were significantly lower than control group,vaginal lactobacillus positive rate in observation group were significantly higher than before and control group,the differences were statistically significant (P0.05). CONCLUSIONS:Fuyanxiao effervescent tablet shows good efficacy in the treat-ment of damp-heat pouring downward syndrome of fungal vaginitis and improve clinical symptoms,with no recurrence rate and good safety.
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Objective To investigate the diagnosis,operation characteristics and clinical effect of anterior Pilon fracture.Methods A retrospective analysis was carried out to analyze 13 patients who had been treated for anterior pilon fracture from September 2012 to March 2014.All had fresh closed fracture.Mean age was 39.8 years (range,18-61 years).Injury resulted from high falls in 11 patients and falls in 2 patients.According to the preoperative imaging manifestations and four column fracture classification,the fracture type was mainly anterior column fracture.All underwent open reduction and internal fixation with buttress plates,and allograft bone was performed in 8 patients.At the last followup,American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) ankle-hindfoot score and visual analogue scale(VAS) were employed for clinical evaluation.Results Mean period of follow-up was 15.7 months (range,12-30 months).Mean AOFAS score was 91.38 points (range,74-100 points).Excellent results were found in 10 patients,good in 2 and fair in 1,with the excellent-good rate of 92％.Mean VAS score was 1.08 points (range,0-3 points).Traumatic arthritis occurred in 1 patient.Skin necrosis occurred in 1 patient,and was cured by dressing change.There were no complications such as infection,refracture or implant failure.Conclusions Mechanism of injury in anterior pilon fracture is vertical violence when the foot in dorsiflexion position.Imaging findings are mainly characterized by the compression in anterior articular surface of the distal tibia,which is often implicated in the anterior medial malleolus but in part is combined with lateral malleolus fracture.The fracture is the result of high energy injury,and can be diagnosed by mechanism of injury and imaging manifestations.Through anterior approach,open reduction and internal fixation with buttress plates plus allogenic bone grafting obtain satisfactory outcomes.
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Objective To compare the efficacy and safety of tamsulosin with nifedipine for medical expulsive therapy (MET) in patients with lower ureteral stones (LUS).Methods Randomized controlled trials(RCTs) in comparison of tamsulosin and nifedipine in treatment of LUS published in Pubmed, Cochrane Library,Embase,CNKI,CBM, Wanfang and VIP from databases establishment to July 2015 were retrieved.According to Cochrane handbook, the quality of included RCTs were assessed, and the relevant data including the number of participants, stone size, stone expulsion rate, time to stone expulsion, drug-related side effect,the incidence of ESWL or ureteroscopy lithotripsy (URSL) after MET and analgesic dose were extracted by two reviewers independently.The statistical software RevMan 5.2 was used for meta-analysis with regard to the stone expulsion rate, the incidence of ESWL or URSL and adverse effects.This study lasted more than one month from June to July 2015.Results A total of 13 RCTs with 4 831 patients were eligible.The results showed that the stone expulsion rate and the incidence rate of ESWL or URSL after MET were 92％ (2 221/2 423) and 8％ (27/333) in the tamsulosin group,and 73％ (1 748/2 408) and 20％ (67/328) in the nifedipine group.There are statistically significant differences (RR =1.24,95 ％ CI 1.13-1.37, P ＜ 0.05;RR =0.40,95 ％ CI 0.27-0.60, P ＜ 0.05, respectively).The subgroup analysis indicated no statistically significant differences in drug-related adverse effects between tamsulosin and nifedipine with 5％ (99/1 804)and 7％ (117/1 796) minor adverse effects respectively and less than 1％ severe adverse effects in both groups (RR =0.85,95％ CI 0.65-1.10, P =0.21;RR =0.49,95 ％ CI 0.09-2.59, P =0.40).Conclusion Compared to nifedipine, tamsulosin has higher stone expulsion rate and lower incidence rates for ESWL or URSL.Since there was no obvious adverse effects, tamsulosin could be considered as a preferable option for patients with LUS.
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Objective To investigate the olanzapine and quetiapine quetiapine in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease patients of different clinical effects and influence on the swallowing function of patient.Methods According to the order of visits to the author departments were 73 cases of Alzheimer's patients were divided into group A(37 cases) and group B(36 cases).Patients in group A were treated with olanzapine in the treatment of, and group B with quetiapine in the treatment, the time of the two groups of patients are 12 weeks, to observe the differences of the two groups during the treatment of swallowing function indexes and clinical efficacy.Results After treatment, the MMSE scores of two groups of patients compared with pre-treatment, there was no statistical significance and BEHAVE-AD score before treatment significantly decreased ( P <0.05 ).Post-treatment, the patients in two groups of MMSE, BEHAVE-AD score difference does not have statistical significance.The difference of clinical efficacy between two groups post-treatment was not statistically significant.Watian drinking water test score of two groups Post-treatment, SaO2 decreased value compared with those pre-treatment significantly increased (P<0.05).After treatment of two groups of patients Watian drinking water test score difference does not have statistical significance, and post-treatment, patients in group B of SaO2 decreased value lower than that in group A ( P <0.05 ).Mild dysphagia, two cases of moderate swallowing dysfunction occurred in twenty-six patients in group A, group B with mild swallowing dysfunction occurred in twenty-one patients, A group of swallowing dysfunction more serious than group B serious ( P <0.05 ) .Conclusion Olanzapine and quetiapine quetiapine in the treatment of patients with Alzheimer's disease clinical effect quite, patient's swallowing function cause some adverse effects, effects of olanzapine is more serious.
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Objective Cervical radiculopathy treatment experts' consensus to establish radiculopathy type by using the modified Delphi method. Methods Use document retrieval method to review information and articles about the treatment guidelines and articles of cervical radiculopathy including domestic and international areas, established a protocol about clini?cal consensus of the treatments for cervical radiculopathy. This protocol included 23 questions (the effective proportion of non?operating therapy, neck immobilization, physiotherapy, pharmacologic treatment, surgical indications, contraindications, anteri?or surgical decompression, anterior surgical implants). We performed a modified Delphi survey in which current professional opinions from experienced experts, representing from almost all of the Chinese provinces, were gathered. And then we modi?fied the protocol according to those professional opinions. Three rounds were performed and finally we established consensus. Consensus was achieved with ≥70% agreement. Results The panel included 30 experienced experts. The recycling question?naire's quantity of three rounds were 30(100%), 24(80%) and 16(53.3%) respectively. After three expert assessments, there were 18 questions which achieved with≥70%agreement and these questions accounted for 64.3%(18/28) of all the questions. Consen?sus of the treatments for cervical radiculopathy was reached on 7 aspects, including:the effective proportion of non?operating thera?py (1 question), neck immobilization (1 question), physiotherapy (1 question), pharmacologic treatment (5 questions), surgical indi?cations (3 questions), contraindications (4 questions), surgery (3 questions). Conclusion This modified Delphi study had reached a consensus concerning several treatment issues on cervical radiculopathy which had strong representativeness of experts and good convergence of opinions. In the absence of high?level evidence, at present, these experts' opinion findings will guide health care providers to define appropriate treatment in their regions. Areas with no consensus provide excellent insight for future research.
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Objective To investigate the alterations of interhemispheric resting-state functional connectivity in patients with chro-nic primary trigeminal neuralgia (CPTN).Methods Twenty patients with CPTN and 20 age-,gender-,and education-matched healthy subjects underwent a resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI)scanning.The voxel-mirrored homo-topic connectivity(VMHC)approach and statistic analysis were used to investigate the interhemispheric coordination of the whole brain.Results Compared with healthy controls,decreased VMHC was found in patients with CPTN,including medial and lateral or-bitofrontal cortex,and premotor (P <0.05,GRF corrected).Conclusion Our results suggest that decreased VMHC in brain regions indicate the aberrant perceptual and affective processing of CPTN,and limited complex movements function.
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Objective To analyze age-related changes in fractional anisotropy(FA) in sub-regions of corpus callosum on diffusion tensor imaging(DTI).Methods DTI was obtained from 171 healthy individuals(80 men,91 women; age 12 to 73 years; median age 44 years).All the subjects were stratified into the following seven age groups(10-19,20-29,30-39,40-49,50-59,60-69,70-79 years).Corpus callosum was divided into 5 subregions(Ⅰ-Ⅴ region).DTI FA values of sub-regions of corpus callosum were measured.Mean FA values changes in corpus callosum sub-regions with advancing age were evaluated with hierarchical polynomial regression analyses.Results The mean FA value in the Ⅴ region was the highest within the same age group.The corresponding values from group 1 to 7 were 0.77±0.06,0.80±0.03,0.79±0.03,0.79±0.03,0.78±0.03,0.77±0.03,0.77±0.03,respectively.The mean FA value in the Ⅲ region was the lowest within the same age group.The corresponding values from group 1 to 7 were 0.51 ±0.08,0.59± 0.06,0.59±0.06,0.56±0.07,0.55±0.07,0.52±0.07,0.43±0.07,respectively.The change of FA values in subregions of the corpus callosum on DTI followed an inverted U-shaped curve with advancing age(ROI1-ROI5,R2=0.162,0.214,0.164,0.098,0.070,respectively,all P＜0.05).FA peak appeared at 20 to 30 years old in all regions.Conclusions The study demonstrated age-related changes in FA value in sub-regions of the corpus callosum on DTI as following a curve,reflecting the age-related changes of physiological processes,which could serve as a basis for corpus callosum research.
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Objective To establish the orthotopic bladder cancer model of multidrug resistance as the human' s, and detect its resistance condition. Methods Two groups of nude rats 4-6 weeks of age were inculated with 1×107 cell of T24 or T24-ADM, following with observation and putting down their meat, drink,mental condition, urine and abdominal mass growth. Animals were sacrificed after 4 weeks later, then their bladder were weighted and measured, histopathologic assessment was performed,mdr1 was detected by PCR,and cells from the bladder tumors were detected of multidrug resistence by MTT. Results Group of nude rats inculated with T24-ADM generated tumors about 80 % (8/10), the one inculated with T24 was 90 % (9/10)and about 2-3 days early. The blank group had no rats emerge tumors in bladder mucosa at all. Bladder weight and volume: (0.8±0.3) g, (1.0±0.5) g, (875±158) mm3, (903±192) mm3, difference between the two groups had no significant (t = 1.332 and t = 1.215, P＞0.05). Histopathologic detection: The two groups of bladder cancer tissue biopsies can be seen more chaotic arrangement of cell structure, cell body shape is irregular, to the depth of myometrial invasion in different without breaking the film. Between the two groups there were no significantly differences. PCR detection of mdr1 expression differences between the two groups was significant (t = 3.612, P ＜0.01). Cytological detection of drug-resistant cell volume is slightly larger, and no significant difference in morphology. MTT detection: cells from the inculated T24-ADM mice bladder tumor were more resistance to ADM than the ones from the inculated T24 mice bladder tumor (F = 412.107, P＜0.01), and for several other drugs were also resistant. Conclusion Cell transplantation was successfully used to establish bladder cancer model in situ of T24-ADM, and with multi-drug resistance characteristics. The model laid the foundation for further multi-drug resistance research of bladder cancer.